Last updated 28 August 2026
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Start with the webcam test. If the camera works there, your hardware and driver are fine and you can skip most of this page: the fault is inside whichever app is failing. If it does not work anywhere, work through these in order.
1. The three privacy switches
This fixes the majority of cases, because Windows 11 splits camera permission into three separate settings and turning on the first two is not enough.
Open Settings, Privacy & security, Camera and check all three:
- Camera access — the master switch for the whole device
- Let apps access your camera — covers Microsoft Store apps
- Let desktop apps access your camera — this one is at the bottom of the page and is easy to miss. Chrome, Firefox, Zoom and Teams are all desktop apps, so this is the switch that matters most.
The third switch is the one people miss. It sits below a long list of app names, so it falls off the visible area on many screens. Scroll all the way down before concluding it is enabled.
2. The physical shutter and the function key
Many laptops made after 2020 have a small sliding cover over the lens. Look closely at the bezel for a tiny tab. A covered lens produces a completely black image with no error, which looks exactly like a driver fault.
Separately, most business laptops have a camera key on the function row, usually F8 or F10, marked with a camera symbol with a line through it. It toggles the camera off at firmware level, below anything Windows can see. Press it, with the Fn key if your function row needs it, and retest.
3. Another application has the camera
Windows generally allows one application to hold the camera at a time. If Teams is running in the background, even minimised to the system tray, your browser may get nothing.
Close Zoom, Teams, Discord, Skype, OBS and any browser tab with a call open. Check the system tray, since Teams in particular keeps running after you close its window. If in doubt, open Task Manager and end those processes.
4. Reset the driver
- Right-click the Start button and choose Device Manager.
- Expand Cameras, or Imaging devices on older hardware.
- Right-click your camera and choose Disable device, confirm, then right-click again and choose Enable device.
- Retest. This clears a stuck driver state without a reboot and is quicker than reinstalling.
5. Roll back a recent driver update
If the camera stopped working after a Windows update, a driver change is the likely cause. In Device Manager, open the camera's Properties, then the Driver tab. If Roll Back Driver is available, use it. If it is greyed out, choose Uninstall device, tick the box to remove the driver software if offered, then restart. Windows reinstalls a working driver on boot.
6. The built-in troubleshooter
Settings, System, Troubleshoot, Other troubleshooters, then run Camera. It is more useful than it looks, because it checks service states and registry entries that are tedious to inspect by hand.
If none of this works
Try the camera on another computer if you can, or connect a different camera to this one. That single swap tells you whether the fault is the device or the machine, and it saves a lot of guessing. On a laptop with an internal camera that has never worked since a repair, the ribbon cable to the display panel may not be seated.